Action.Threshold The density reached by a post when control measures should be implemented to prevent serious harm or damage.

Active Ingredient That Ingredient of a pesticide product to which the effects of the product are attributed. The efficacious part of a pesticide, it does not include such additives as solvents, dilutents, emulsifiers or other substances. Abbreviated as 'a.l.', it is the same as the 'technical rnateril' in the formulated product.

Application Putting or directing a pesticide on or in plants, animals, buildings, soil, water, air or other target site.

Application Rate The amount of pesticide product or active Ingredient applied to a unit area (e.g., 5 l product/ha; 50 g a.l./ha).

Affractant A chemical that lures pests to a selected location where they may be destroyed, sterilized or trapped.

Bait A formulation containing a mixture of an edible or attractive substance and a pesticide. They are usually used in the management of pest insects, birds and rodents.

Biological Control The use of living organisms such as predators, parasites or pathogens to reduce pest populations.

Broadcast Application An application over a large area. Sometimes referred to as a "blanket application".

Broad Spectrum Pesticide A pesticide that controls a widi range of pests when applied correctly. It is synonymous with 'nonselective'.

Buffer Zone A strip of land, between a pesticide-free area and a pesticide-treated area, in which pesticides are not applied. The width of the zone may vary at the discretion of the applicator or regulatory officials and takes into account the type of application equipmen being used, the size of droplets produced, the terrain, and local weather conditions.

Calibrate To determine the amount of pesticide being appilied through a nozzle or sprayer, duster, or granular applicator over a given area.

Chemical Control the use of chemical pesticides as a primary means to attract, repel or kill pests.

Chemical Name Scientific name of the active ingredient in a pesticide, derived from its chemical structure.

Common Name A common chemical name given to an active Ingredient by a recognized committee on pesticide nomenclature.

Contact Pesticide One, which kills mainly through contact with the pest. In the case of Insects, the active ingredient is absorbed into the body and kills the insect. With plants, the pesticide may only affect the leaf surfaces that have been treated.

Cultivar A variety of plants, which retain their distinguishing 1 features when reproduced.

Cultural Control Good management practices aimed at the prevention of PM Infestations, often involving changes in the Immediate environment to make than habitat less favourable for the post (e.g., habitat modification, sanitation).

Days to Harvest The least number of days between the last pesticide application and the harvest day (ame as pre-harvest iterval).

Drift The movement of pesticide vapour, droplets of dust, wind or air currents, away from the target area onto or through areas not being treated. Drift constitutes one of the major hazards of pesticide application.

Economic Threshold The pest density above which control measures should be implemented to prevent economic losses.

Efficacy The ability of a pesticide to manage the target pest. Also referred to as ":effectiveness".

Emulsifiable Concentrate formulation produced by dissolving the active ingredient and an emulsifying agent in a solvent. When added to water, an emulsion (milky misture) is formed.

Environment r surroundings , Including water, air, sd, )[ants and animals.Foliage The leaf covering of a plant.

Granule A type of pesticide formulation In which the active ingredient is mixed with, absorbed or pressed on an inert carrier (e.g., ground clay, corn cob, nut hulls), forming small particles or pellets.

Habitat The environment which supplies the needs for plant or animal life.

Infestation Large populations of pests that are found In an area or location where they are not wanted.

Insecticides Pesticides used to control, suppress or manage insects.

Integrated Pest Management The use of more than one suitable approach to or method of pest

management, including cultural practices, biological control and, when necessary, selective pesticides.

Larva The immature, worm-like stage of insect development.

Mechanical Control Removing pests by hand or using mechanical means to trap, repel, kill or exclude

Pests.

Microbial Pesticide A pesticide whose 'active ingredient' is a virus or bacteria (e.g., the bacterium,Bacillus thuringiensis).

Microorganism Any of a range of small-sized organisms ranging from protozoa and bacteria to fungi.

Natural Enemies Pathogens, parasites, and predators which are naturally associated with a pest population and which cause debility or mortality in that population.

Non-target Organism Any plant or animal that is not the object of a pesticide application but which maybe harmed In some way from the application. Abbreviated NTO.

Parasite An organism that lives in or on or at the expense aanother organism.

Pathogen An organism causing disease in another organism

Persistence The time during which a pesticide retains its toxic properties. Persistence is often expressed in terms of half-life, the time required for the pesticide to degrade to one-half of its previous concentration.

Pest Any unwanted, injurious, noxious, or troublesome insect, fungus, bacterium, virus, wee, bird, rodent or other plant or animal.

Pesticide Any susbatnace or mixture of substances, other than a device, intended for killing, controlling or managing weeds, viruses, bacteria, fungi, mites, spiders, ticks, insects, birds, rodents, or other plants or animals ocnsidered to be pests.

Pheromones Chemicals produced by insects and other animals to communicate with other members of the saem species. Synthetic pheromones are sometiems used in integrated pest management programs to monitor pests to lure them to devices where they mayb e destroyed, sterlized or trapped.

Physical Control Using form of energy (e.g., heat, cold, light darkness, sound, X-rays, Infrared light) to ttract, repel, or kill posts.

Predator An organism hunting and feeding an another organism.

Pupa The Intermediate stage of Insect development between the larva and adult.

Residual Insecticide One that remains active for an extended period of time, killing Insects that come

Into contact with it or ingest it some time after application.

Resistance The ability of an organism to resist or to suppress the injurious effects of a pesticide.

Scientific Name The one name of a plant or animal used thoughout the world by scientists, based on

the Latin and Greek languages.

Selective Pesticide A Pesticide which Is more toxic to some types of organisms than to others (e.g., a selective herbicide may kill dandelions In turf without harming, the grass).

Sensitive Sites Places where pesticides could cause considerable harm or concern If not used with great caution.

Species A class of organisms having common characteristics designated by a common name.

Spray drift The movement of airborne spray particles from to spray nozzle outside the intended contact area.

Swath The width of the area covered by a sprayer making one pass over a yard, field, or other surface.

Symptom A change or conditions indicating the existence of disease, injury or infestation

Systemic Pesticide A Pesticide (sometimes called a systemic) which is absorbed by and flows through

the plant or animal. Systemic Insecticides protect plants and animals from subsequent attack by Insect pests.

Systemic herbicides are slow acting active ingredient that move through the plant by translocation, killing the target plant.

Trade Name Name given to a product by its manufacturer formulator distinguishing i from similar products.